Minimal differences in leaf pressure–volume parameters were detected among the three life forms (Figure 5a). The turgor loss point (Ψtlp) marginally varied by life form (p = 0.051) and post hoc comparisons did not detect differences in Ψtlp across terrestrial, hemi-epiphytic, or epiphytic ferns. Broadly, terrestrial and hemi-epiphytic fern species had trended towards slightly lower Ψtlp than epiphytic species (Figure 5b). The osmotic potential at saturation (Ψo) was also lower in terrestrial compared to epiphytic species (p = 0.009, Figure 5c), while the modulus of elasticity (ε) was similar across all life forms. The relative water content at turgor loss point did not vary between fern life forms. The tissue capacitance between saturation and turgor loss (Cft) was not different between life forms, however; the tissue capacitance after turgor loss (CTLP) was 54% lower in epiphytic compared to terrestrial species (p = 0.009, Figure 5d insert). Additionally, Cft declined quickly with increasing ε for all species (Figure 5d)